1836

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File:Decade.png ( 1830s: )     1836 link
March 6: Battle of the Alamo
year 1836

Events

January–March

• January 1 – Queen Maria II of Portugal marries Prince Ferdinand Augustus Francis Anthony of Saxe-Coburg-Gotha.
• January 5 – Davy Crockett arrives in Texas.
• January 12
  • HMS Beagle, with Charles Darwin on board, reaches Sydney.
  • Will County, Illinois, is formed.
• February 8 – London and Greenwich Railway opens its first section, the first railway in London, England.
• February 16 – A fire at the Lahaman Theatre in Saint Petersburg kills 126 people.
• February 23 – Texas Revolution: The Battle of the Alamo begins, with an American settler army surrounded by the Mexican Army, under Santa Anna.
• February 25 – Samuel Colt receives a United States patent for the Colt revolver, the first revolving barrel multishot firearm.
• March 1 – Texas Revolution – Convention of 1836: Delegates from many Texas communities gather in Washington-on-the-Brazos, Texas, to deliberate independence from Mexico.
• March 2 – Texas Revolution – Convention of 1836: The Texas Declaration of Independence is signed by 60 delegates, and the Republic of Texas is declared.
• March 6 – Texas Revolution: The Battle of the Alamo ends; 182 Texan settler soldiers die in a struggle with approximately 5,000 Mexican soldiers.
• March 11 – Sultan Mahmud II abolishes the posts of Reis ül-Küttab and Kahya Bey, and establishes the Ottoman ministries of Foreign Affairs and of the Interior in their place.
• March 17 – Texas Revolution – Convention of 1836: Delegates adopt the Constitution of the Republic of Texas, modeled after the United States Constitution. It allows slavery, requires free blacks to petition Congress to live in the country, but prohibits import of slaves from anywhere but the United States.

April–June

• April 21 – Texas Revolution – Battle of San Jacinto: Mexican forces under General Antonio López de Santa Anna are defeated at San Jacinto, Texas.
• April 22 – Texas Revolution: Forces under Texas General Sam Houston capture Mexican General Antonio López de Santa Anna.
• May 4 – The Ancient Order of Hibernians, an Irish Catholic fraternal organization, is founded in New York City.
• May 7 – The settlement of Mayagüez, Puerto Rico is elevated to the royal status of villa, by the government of Spain.
• May 14 – Texas Revolution: The Treaties of Velasco are signed, between Mexican General Antonio López de Santa Anna and the Republic of Texas, but never ratified by the Mexican government.
• June 15 – Arkansas is the 25^th state admitted into the United States of America.

July–September

• July 13 – The first numbered Template:US patent (after filing 9,957 unnumbered patents) is granted to John Ruggles, for improvements to railroad steam locomotive tires.
• July 21 – The Champlain and St. Lawrence Railroad opens between St. John and La Prairie, Quebec, the first steam-worked passenger railroad in British North America.
• July 27 – The settlement of Adelaide, South Australia, is founded.
• July 30 – The first English-language newspaper is published in Hawaii.
• August 17 – The Marriage Act in the United Kingdom establishes civil marriage and registration systems that permit marriages in nonconformist chapels, and a Registrar General of Births, Marriages, and Deaths.
• August 30 – The settlement of Houston, Texas is founded.
• September 1 – Rebuilding begins at the Hurva Synagogue in Jerusalem.
• September 5 – Sam Houston is elected as the first president of the Republic of Texas.
• September 11 – The Riograndense Republic is proclaimed in South America.

October–December

• October 2 – Charles Darwin returns to England aboard Template:Ship, with biological data he will later use to develop his theory of evolution, having left South America on August 17.
• October 13 – Theodor Fliedner, a Lutheran minister, and Friederike, his wife, open the Deaconess Home and Hospital at Kaiserswerth, Germany, as an institute to train women in nursing.
• October 22 – Sam Houston is inaugurated as first elected President of the Republic of Texas.
• October 24 – The earliest United States patent for a phosphorus friction match is granted to Alonzo Dwight Phillips, of Springfield, Massachusetts.
• October 25 – Construction begins on the Wilmington and Raleigh Railroad in North Carolina. Due to a lack of support in Raleigh, the route is revised to run from Wilmington to the Petersburg Railroad in Weldon.
• December 4 – The Whig Party (United States) holds its first national convention, in Harrisburg, Pennsylvania.
• December 7 – 1836 United States presidential election: Martin Van Buren defeats William Henry Harrison, and three other Whig candidates.
• December 15 – The United States Patent Office burns in Washington, D.C.
• December 26 – The Crown colony of South Australia is officially proclaimed (subsequently celebrated in the state of South Australia as Proclamation Day).
• December 27 – Lewes avalanche: An avalanche at Lewes in Sussex, England, kills eight of fifteen people buried, when a row of cottages is engulfed in snow.
• December 28
  • Spain recognizes the independence of Mexico.
  • The Colony of South Australia is founded by Captain John Hindmarsh.
• December 30 – In Saint Petersburg, the Lehman Theater catches fire, killing 800 people.

Date unknown

• The first printed literature in Assyrian Neo-Aramaic is produced by Justin Perkins, an American Presbyterian missionary in Persia.
• The New Board brokerage group is founded in New York City.
• Eugène Schneider and his brother Adolphe Schneider purchase a bankrupt ironworks near the town of Le Creusot, in the Burgundy region of France, and found the steelworks and engineering company Schneider Frères & Cie.
• George Catlin ends his 6-year tour of 50 tribes in the Dakota Territory.