1895
| File:Decade.png ( 1890s: ) 1895 link | |
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 In order to make Korea a puppet state, Japanese agents kill Empress Myeongseong, a "hideous event, crudely conceived and brutally executed." |
US
In the 1895 case of Sparf v. United States written by Justice John Marshall Harlan, the United States Supreme Court held 5 to 4 that a trial judge has no responsibility to inform the jury of the right to nullify laws.[1]
Events
January–March
- January 5 – Dreyfus affair: French officer Alfred Dreyfus is stripped of his army rank, and sentenced to life imprisonment on Devil's Island.
- January 17 – Félix Faure is elected President of the French Republic, after the resignation of Jean Casimir-Perier.
- February 20 – The gold reserve of the U.S. Treasury is saved, when J. P. Morgan and the Rothschilds loan $65 million worth of gold to the United States government. The offering of syndicate bonds sells out only 22 minutes after the New York market opens, and just two hours after going on sale in London.
- February 20 – Venezuelan crisis of 1895: U.S. President Grover Cleveland signs into law a bill resulting from the proposition of House Resolution 252, by William Lindsay Scruggs and Congressman Leonidas Livingston, to the third session of the 53rd Congress of the United States of America. The bill recommends that Venezuela and Great Britain settle their dispute by arbitration.
- February 25 – The first rebellions take place, marking the start of the Cuban War of Independence.
- March 30 – Rudolf Diesel patents the Diesel engine in Germany.
- April 17 – The Treaty of Shimonoseki is signed between China and Japan. This marks the end of the First Sino-Japanese War, and the defeated Qing Empire is forced to renounce its claims on Korea, and to concede the southern portion of Fengtien province, Taiwan, and the Pescadores Islands to Japan.[2] The huge indemnity exacted from China is used to establish the Yawata Iron and Steel Works in Japan.
- May 2 – Gongche Shangshu movement: Thousands of Beijing scholars and citizens protest against the Treaty of Shimonoseki.
- May 27 – In re Debs: The Supreme Court of the United States decides that the federal government has the right to regulate interstate commerce, legalizing the military suppression of the Pullman Strike.
- June 11 – Britain annexes Tongaland, between Zululand and Mozambique.
- June 20 – The Kiel Canal, connecting the North Sea to the Baltic across the base of the Jutland peninsula in Germany, is officially opened.
- June 20 – The Treaty of Amapala establishes the union of Nicaragua, Honduras and El Salvador (which ends in 1898).
- July 31 – The Basque Nationalist Party (Euzko Alderdi Jeltzalea-Partido Nacionalista Vasco) is founded, by Basque nationalist leader Sabino Arana.
- October 1 – French troops capture Antananarivo, Madagascar.
- October 8 – The Eulmi Incident: Empress Myeongseong of Korea is killed at her private residence within Gyeongbokgung Palace, by Japanese agents.
- November 27 – At the Swedish-Norwegian Club in Paris, Alfred Nobel signs his last will and testament, setting aside his estate to establish the Nobel Prize after his death.
- December
- Ottoman troops burn 3,000 Armenians alive in Urfa .
- The Fourth Anglo-Ashanti War begins.
- December 28 – Auguste and Louis Lumière display their first moving picture film in Paris.
Date unknown
- German trade unions have c. 270,000 members.
- Raiffeisen Cooperative Credit and Saving Bank, as predecessor of Rabo Bank, a multiple financial service on worldwide, founded in Netherlands.