Antonio Ezeta
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Antonio Ezeta
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Ezeta on a 1891 postage stamp
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| Acting President of El Salvador | |
| In office 4 June 1894 – 10 June 1894 | |
| Preceded by | Carlos Ezeta |
| Succeeded by | Rafael Antonio Gutiérrez |
| Vice President of El Salvador | |
| In office 1 March 1891 – 10 June 1894 | |
| President | Carlos Ezeta |
| Preceded by | Baltasar Estupinián |
| Succeeded by | Prudencio Alfaro |
| 13th Minister of War of El Salvador | |
| In office 1 January 1891 – 31 March 1891 | |
| President | Carlos Ezeta |
| Preceded by | Pedro José Escalón |
| Succeeded by | Valentín Amaya |
| Commander-in-Chief of the Army | |
| In office 23 May 1894 – 10 June 1894 | |
| President | Carlos Ezeta |
| Preceded by | León Bolaños |
| Succeeded by | Rafael Antonio Gutiérrez |
| In office 1 March 1891 – 3 May 1894 | |
| President | Carlos Ezeta |
| Preceded by | Carlos Ezeta |
| Succeeded by | León Bolaños |
| Personal details | |
| Born | Antonio Ezeta y León El Salvador |
| Died |
Unknown
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| Party | Liberal |
| Relations | Carlos Ezeta (brother) |
| Occupation | Military officer, politician |
| Military service | |
| Allegiance | El Salvador |
| Branch/service | Salvadoran Army |
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Years of service
| ? – 1894 |
| Rank | General |
| Commands | Salvadoran Army |
| Battles/wars | First Totoposte War Revolution of the 44 (WIA) |
Antonio Ezeta y León was a Salvadoran military officer and politician who served as the country's vice president from 1891 until his overthrow in 1894. He fled to the United States where he avoided extradition and made a failed attempt to invade El Salvador.
Rise to power
Antonio Ezeta y León's brother was Carlos Ezeta who overthrew President General Francisco Menéndez in June 1885.[1] Ezeta commanded soldiers during the Totoposte War in July 1890.[2] Ezeta was elected as his brother's vice president in the 1891 presidential election,[3] assuming office on 1 March 1891.[4] He was also appointed as commander-in-chief of the army.[4]
Revolution of the 44
During the Revolution of the 44 of April to June 1894, Ezeta was injured by rebel forces on 3 May. He was replaced as commander-in-chief by General León Bolaños until 23 May when he recovered from his injuries. His brother fled the country on 4 June, upon which, he assumed office as acting president. He fled the country for the United States on 10 June, and General Rafael Antonio Gutiérrez became the country's provisional president.[4]
Ezeta travelled to the US aboard the American warship Bennington. The new government, through minister Estanislao Pérez, attempted to halt his flight by appeal to U S Secretary of State Walter Q. Gresham for their extradition on charges of robbery, assassination and arson. Gresham refused on grounds that he did not recognise that a stable new government had formed and been recognised.[5]
Extradition and attempted return
By 2 July the new government had tried Ezeta in his absence and found him guilty and formally requested extradition. By August the Bennington had departed with Ezeta for San Francisco.[6] Extradition was declined by the United States District Court for the Northern District of California on the grounds that the charges were judged to be political in nature which were excluded from the terms of the extradition treaty in place between the two countries.[7]
Ezeta returned to El Salvador in January 1896, reportedly with 100 Mexican veterans and 60 Texan cowboys to attempt to restore himself to power. He failed to make a landing at San Salvador.[8]
References
- ^ "Presidentes de El Salvador – General Carlos Ezeta" [Presidents of El Salvador – General Carlos Ezeta]. Casa Presidencial (in Spanish). c. 2005. Archived from the original on 2 March 2009. Retrieved 9 April 2022.
- ^ Aceña, Ramón (1899). Efemérides Militares [Military Ephemeris] (in Spanish). Guatemala: Tipografía Nacional. pp. 208–210. ISBN 9781246122381. Retrieved 28 January 2023.
{{cite book}}: ISBN / Date incompatibility (help) - ^ "Elections and Events 1850–1899". University of California, San Diego. San Diego, California. c. 2018. Archived from the original on 23 March 2021. Retrieved 9 April 2022.
- ^ a b c United States Congressional Serial Set, Volume 3279. Washington, D.C., United States: U.S. Government Printing Office. 1895. pp. 125–127.
- ^ United States Department of State (1895). Papers Relating to the Foreign Relations of the United States. U.S. Government Printing Office. pp. 563–564.
- ^ United States Department of State (1895). Papers Relating to the Foreign Relations of the United States. U.S. Government Printing Office. p. 574.
- ^ Maryland journal of international law and trade. 1987. p. 76.
- ^ "Antonio Ezeta Failed". San Francisco Call. Vol. 79, no. 41. 10 January 1896.