Congress for Cultural Freedom/Founding Conference
| Date | 26 June 1950 - 29 June 1950 |
|---|---|
| Description | Founded the Congress for Cultural Freedom. The participants had a "a culpable incuriosity about funding" of the luxurious conference, which was later exposed as CIA money. |
| Perpetrators | Michael Josselson, CIA |
| Participants | Georges Altman, Julian Amery, German Arciniegas, Raymond Aron, A. J. Ayer, François Bondy, G. A. Borgese, Franz Borkenau, Irving Brown, Hendryk Brugmans, Rudolph Brunngraber, Margaret Buber-Neumann, James Burnham, Mintauts Cakste, Benedetto Croce, Josef Czapsk, Josef Czapski, Harold Davis, Peter de Mendelsohn, Lawrence de Neufville, Alberto de Onaindi, Denis de Rougemont, John Dewey, Fritz Eberhard, James T. Farrell, Henri Frenay, Jerzy Giedroyc, Adolf Grimme, Christopher Hollis, Sidney Hook, Frode Jakobsen, Karl Jaspers, Panayotis Kanellopoulous, Hermann Kesten, Arthur Koestler, Eugen Kogon, Hans Kohn, Frantisek Kovarna, Karel Kupka, Melvin Lasky, Sol Levitas, Haakon Lie, David Lilienthal, Elinor Lipper, Franc Lombardi, Richard Löwenthal, Keshev Malik, André Malraux, Golo Mann, Jacques Maritain, Claude Mauriac, Muzzio Mazzochi, Carson McCullers, Walter Mehring, Fritz Molden, Per Monsen, Robert Montgomery, Malcolm Muggeridge, Herman Muller, Nicolas Nabokov, Ture Nerman, Boris Nicolaevsky, Rudolf Pechel, André Philip, Guido Piovene, Theodor Plievier, Charles Plisnier, Herber Read, Ernst Reuter, Luise Rinser, Jules Romain, Jules Romains, Wilhelm Röpke, Eugen Rosenstock-Huessy, Rémy Roure, David Rousset, Bertrand Russell, Arthur Schlesinger Jr., Carlo Schmid, Franz Josef Schoeningh, George Schuyler, Salomon Schwartz, Anna Siemsen, Ignazio Silone, Altiero Spinelli, Sheba Strunsky, Bonaventura Tecchi, Hans Thirrin, Hugh Trevor-Roper, Sergei Utechin, Tennessee Williams, Max Yergan |
The founding conference of the Congress for Cultural Freedom (CCF), 26-29 June 1950 in West Berlin, was attended by leading intellectuals from the U.S. and Western Europe.[1]
Funding
Although Michael Josselson was officially the only member of the CCF to be aware of CIA funding, it is likely that a number of prominent Congress members were observant and intelligent enough to connect the dots, according to Peter Coleman in The Liberal Conspiracy: The Congress for Cultural Freedom and the Struggle for the Mind of Post-War Europe, who argues that Congress members must have been observant enough to wonder how at a time when Europe was still recovering economically from WWII, money was liberally spent to cover travel costs, provide meals at high end restaurants and host attendees of CCF conferences in five-star hotels.[2]Coleman also points out that Hook later noted that even at the time of the 1950 Berlin Conference there was "a culpable incuriosity about funding in Congress circles."[3]
Participants
Raymond Aron intended to attend, but may not have made it[2]
References
- ↑ https://www.filosofia.org/mon/cul/clc_043.htm
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 In Peter Coleman THE LIBERAL CONSPIRACY The Congress for Cultural Freeedom and the Struggle for the Mind of Postwar Europe, page 20-22
- ↑ Sidney Hook, Out of Step, (New York: Harper & Row, 1987), 451