Islamic State
Islamic terrorismterrorist,front
| I-CIA-SIS link () Wikiquote | |
|---|---|
| File:Isilflag.jpg | |
| Motto | "Remaining and Expanding" |
| Predecessor | Jamāʻat al-Tawḥīd wa-al-Jihād |
| Formation | 2003 |
| Founder | Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi |
| Headquarters | Al-Raqqah, Syria |
| Type | terrorist,front |
| Subgroups | ISIS-K |
| Staff | Iraq |
| An "Islamic fundamentalist terrorist" organisation which whistleblower Sibel Edmonds links to Operation Gladio/B and succinctly describes as a re-branding of al-Qaeda. | |
The Islamic State (IS), also known as Daesh, the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant (ISIL) and the Islamic State of Iraq and Syria (ISIS), is described as an Islamic fundamentalist terrorist organisation which reportedly was created by US, British and Israeli intelligence to promote the "War on Terror" narrative.[1]
Funded by USA[2], Saudi Arabia, Kuwait, Turkey and Qatar[3], the group uses a lot of US weapons[4]. It is alleged to have posted gruesome videos online and is said to have claimed responsibility for a series of attacks, most notably the downing of the Russian Airbus Metrojet Flight 9268 on 31 October 2015, the mass murder in Paris on 13 November 2015 and the mass murder in Brussels on 22 March 2016.[5]
Official Narrative
Wikipedia claims that "from its beginnings the establishment of a pure Islamic state has been one of the group's main goals," and has a fairly extensive treatment of the group. It claims that "the group was founded in 2003 as a reaction to the American-led invasion and occupation of Iraq." Not much is told about ISIL by the corporate media, other than that they are an "Islamic terror" group responsible for destabilization in Iraq and that they are a bigger terror threat than their close affiliate Al Qaeda.
Audio leaked in January 2017 suggested that the US was hoping ISIS would expand to the point at which it would lead to regime change in Syria.[6]
A week after the Brussels attacks, former UK prime minister Tony Blair called for Britain to step up military action to "crush" ISIS or be faced with a terrorist "act of such size and horror" that it will result in "many more victims" than the atrocities in Brussels and Paris. Accused by some of scaremongering, and echoing the views of US presidential hopeful Donald Trump, Blair wrote in The Sunday Times:
- "ISIS has to be eliminated with greater speed and vigour. Where they need active on-the-ground military support from us, we should give it. They have to be crushed."[7]
Origins
In 2015, former Director of the Defense Intelligence Agency Michael T. Flynn stated that the rise of ISIS was a "willful decision" of the US government.[2][8] In its original form, ISIS was composed of and supported by a variety of Sunni Arab terrorist insurgent groups, including its predecessor organisations, Al-Qaeda in Iraq (AQI) (2003–2006), MujahideenShura Council (2006–2006) and the Islamic State of Iraq (ISI) (2006–2013), other insurgent groups such as Jeish al-Taiifa al-Mansoura, Jaysh al-Fatiheen, Jund al-Sahaba and Katbiyan Ansar Al-Tawhid wal Sunnah, and a number of Iraqi tribes that profess Sunni Islam.
Alain Chouet, a senior French spook stated that "Western governments and the financial sponsors of jihad... [W]e remain allies with those who have sponsored this terrorism for the last 30 years."[9]
The Islamic State grew significantly as an organisation owing to its participation in the Syrian Civil War and the strength of its leader, Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi, an alleged to be a Mossad agent.[10] Economic and political discrimination against Arab Iraqi Sunnis since the fall of the secular Saddam Hussein also helped it to gain support. At the height of the 2003–2011 Iraq War, its forerunners enjoyed a significant presence in the Iraqi governorates of Al Anbar, Nineveh, Kirkuk, most of Salah ad Din, parts of Babil, Diyala and Baghdad, and claimed Baqubah as a capital city. In the ongoing Syrian Civil War, ISIS has a large presence in the Syrian governs of Al-Raqqah, Idlib and Aleppo.
ISIS is known for its extreme interpretation of the Islamic faith, sharia law and brutal violence, which is directed at Shia Muslims, indigenous Assyrian/Chaldean/Syriac Christians and Armenian Christians, Yazidis, Druze, Shabakis and Mandeans in particular. It has a cultish militia perhaps 35,000 strong which claimed responsibility for attacks that have killed thousands of civilians. ISIS had close links with al-Qaeda until the groups split in February 2014.Template:Cn
At one point ISIS's purported aim was to establish a caliphate in the Sunni-majority regions of Iraq. This was later expanded to include controlling Sunni-majority areas of Syria. A caliphate was proclaimed on 29 June 2014, Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi — now known as Amir al-Mu'minin Caliph Ibrahim — was named as its Caliph, and the group was renamed the Islamic State.[11]
Support by Western Intelligence
Jordan Training Camp
In July 2014, it was reported that the Islamic State was created by the CIA/MI6/Mossad as part of NATO's Gladio B and that Israel was using it as a front organisation. NSA documents presented by Edward Snowden have revealed that the British and American intelligence and the Mossad worked together to create the Islamic State of Iraq and Syria (ISIS). Snowden said intelligence services of three countries created a terrorist organisation that is able to attract all extremists of the world to one place, using a strategy called "the hornet’s nest" to protect the Zionist entity by creating religious and Islamic slogans. According to documents released by Snowden "The only solution for the protection of the Jewish state 'is to create an enemy near its borders'."[12]
Several sites have posted the interview and transcript of an interview Al-Maydeen TV conducted with Sheikh Nabeel Naiem Abul Fattah, an Egyptian who says that he helped set up al Qaeda in the late 1980s. Naiem said that ISIS leader Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi is "basically a U.S. agent," claiming that he established ISIS training camps in Jordan that "were supervised by the Marines." Glenn Greenwald tweeted in response that Snowden confirmed these claims were found in the NSA documents, hinting at possible interference by diverting the story regarding how ISIS came to power or Snowden lying.[13]
A Jordanian official reported ISIS leaders being trained by US Intelligence at a base in Jordan. "Key members of ISIS it now emerges were trained by US CIA and Special Forces command at a secret camp in Jordan in 2012, according to informed Jordanian officials," writes William Engdahl. A scripted "geopolitical struggle between the US and Russia" is "the objective of leading neo-conservatives in the CIA, Pentagon and State Department all along," Engdahl continues. "The CIA transported hundreds of MujahideenSaudis and other foreign veterans of the 1980s Afghan war against the Soviets in Afghanistan into Chechnya to disrupt the struggling Russia in the early 1990s, particularly to sabotage the Russian oil pipeline running directly from Baku on the Caspian Sea into Russia. James Baker III and his friends in Anglo-American Big Oil had other plans. It was called the BTC pipeline, owned by a BP-US oil consortium and running through Tbilisi into NATO-member Turkey, free of Russian territory."[14]
Sweden's Foreign Minister Margot Wallström, speaking to a Swedish TV channel shortly after the 13 November 2015 massacre in Paris, said "Of course we have cause for concern, not just in Sweden but throughout the world, because there are so many being radicalised. And again, it reminds us of the situation in the Middle East, where the Palestinians see that there is no future for them and have to either accept a desperate situation or resort to violence."[15]
Saumur Daesh Cell
- Full article: 2016 Saumur Daesh Cell
- Full article: 2016 Saumur Daesh Cell
In 2016, an apparent terrorist hideout was discovered, complete with audio and video recording equipment, generator, Arabic language newspapers and ISIS flags. The French authorities later claimed that this was part of a terrorist 'exercise', although local police - who should have been notified if it were[16] - denied knowing anything about it.[17]
Funding
The Daily Beast’s Josh Rogin wrote that "The Islamic State of Iraq and Syria (ISIS), now threatening Baghdad, was funded for years by wealthy donors in Kuwait, Qatar, and Saudi Arabia, three US allies that have dual agendas in the war on terror." Andrew Tabler, senior fellow at the Israeli front the Washington Institute for Near East Policy wrote that "Everybody knows the money is going through Kuwait and that it’s coming from the (Persian) Gulf... Kuwait’s banking system and its money changers have long been a huge problem because they are a major conduit for money to extremist groups in Syria and now Iraq."[3]
Former Iraqi Prime Minister Nouri al-Maliki pointed the finger directly at Saudi Arabia and Qatar during a France 24 television interview: "I accuse them of inciting and encouraging the terrorist movements. I accuse them of supporting them politically and in the media, of supporting them with money and by buying weapons for them."[18]
Oil Trade
Israel is reported to be the main buyer for oil from Islamic State controlled territory that produces an estimated 20,000-40,000 barrels of oil each day and generates $1-1.5 million daily profit for IS. The oil is extracted from the Deir ez-Zor region of Syria and two fields in Iraq and transported to Zakhu in Iraqi Kurdistan, which provides Israel with 75% of its oil supplies. More than a third of such exports go through the Turkish port of Ceyhan, described by the Financial Times as a "potential gateway for ISIS-smuggled crude."[19]
Contract bombings in Iran
In July 2016, a documentary aired on Iranian state TV reported that ISIS militants were paid 600,000 euros to carry out a bombing campaign at 50 locations in Tehran and other big cities in Iran.[20]
Military Hardware
US military hardware including Humvees has been captured by ISIS.[21] In January 2016, Mother Jones headlined an article "The Pentagon Has No Clue How Many Weapons It Has Lost to ISIS", writing that "Everything from M-16s and bullets to Humvees and tanks have been lost. But neither the US nor Iraqi governments can say how much US-supplied materiel has been diverted to militant groups or how it's ending up there."[4]
Bell Pottinger
The Pentagon paid the PR-company Bell Pottinger half a billion dollars to create fake terrorist videos in Iraq in a secret propaganda campaign. The firm reported to the CIA, the National Security Council and the Pentagon on the project, with the official narrative being to track suspected sympathizers around the world.[22] The real purposes might have been to create supporters for ISIS while at the same time scaring Western public opinion into supporting the US/NATO military intervention.
Apology to Israel
In 2017, ISIS fighters apologized for launching a mortar attack on Israeli forces in the occupied Golan Heights region. Moshe Yaalon, who was head of the Israeli Ministry of Defense from 2013 until 2016, said "There was one case recently where Daesh opened fire and apologized." Yaalon did not specify how or when this apology took place and his representatives have declined to comment on his statement.[23]
Leaders
Several key ISIS leaders appear to have received high level training and support from Western intelligence agencies. Some evidence suggests that the US even trained some of the fighters who went on to join ISIS at a secret base in Jordan in 2012. Aaron Klein was told by Jordanian officials that, "dozens of future ISIS members were trained at the time as part of covert aid to the insurgents."Template:Cn
Turkey reportedly trained ISIS fighters at a location in the vicinity of Incirlik Air Base near Adana. According to a source close to former Iraqi Prime Minister Nouri al-Maliki, the Obama administration turned a blind eye to the fact that Turkey was equipping and then sending fighters to Syria before they went on to Iraq. The source even went on to accuse the White House of being "an accomplice" in the ISIS takeover of major Iraqi cities.
Iran's PressTV reported that "the White House itself, as well as some of America’s closest supposed allies, all share some of the blame in aiding the growth of ISIS in the region.[24]
Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi
Edward Snowden has revealed that ISIS leader Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi received intensive military training for a year from the Mossad, besides taking courses in theology and the art of public speaking.[25] A Russian expert in oriental studies, Vyacheslav Matuzov, told Voice of Russia radio in July 2014 that "All facts show that al-Baghdadi is in contact with the CIA and during all the years that he was in prison (2004-2009) he has been collaborating with the CIA."[26]
Mohammed al-Rashed
Mohammed al-Rashed was arrested on 28 February 2015 in Turkey on charges of helping young people from the UK to join ISIS and enter Syria. He made a statement admitting helping South Africans, Indonesians, Australians and Nigerians, and claimed that since seeking asylum in Canada in 2013 he had been working for the Canadian government in exchange for citizenship.[27]
Nabil Na'eem
Nabil Na'eem, the founder of the Islamic Democratic Jihad Party and former top al-Qaeda commander, told the Beirut-based pan-Arab TV station al-Maydeen all current al-Qaeda affiliates, including ISIS, work for the CIA:
- "What I want to tell you, the efforts of all Islamic countries, Sunni and Shiites, must combine to eradicate these groups because these groups are the claws of colonialism in the region," Na’eem said.[28]
Omar al-Shishani
Omar al-Shishani, reported killed in 2016, was reportedly a "star pupil" of US special-forces training.[21]
" Abu Hafs"
According to a report from theIsraeli website Inian Merkazi', Libyan security forces arrested a Daesh commander in the city of Benghazi — only to find out soon after that the man they had captured, Ephraim Benjamin, was also an agent of Mossad, the Israeli intelligence agency. Benjamin, who was known in Libya as "Abu Hafs", had begun work in Libya after the 2011 NATO-led invasion of Libya that ousted former leader Muammar Gaddafi. According to the report, Benjamin was said to have become a prominent imam in a Benghazi mosque, before becoming a Daesh leader who commanded more than 200 fighters.[29][30][31]
Inspiration for atrocities
Videos posted by ISIS have been used as justification for military action in various countries.
Bombing Libya
On Monday 16 February 2015, Egypt launched air strikes against Islamic State targets in Libya after IS posted a gruesome video online purporting to show the beheading of 21 Egyptian Coptic Christian hostages. Egyptian President Abdel Fattah al-Sisi vowed to avenge the beheading on Sunday night, saying the country reserved the right to respond in a way it sees fit. Pope Francis described the 21 murdered hostages as "martyrs", saying they were "killed simply because they were Christians".[32]
Bombing Iraq
The UK Prime Minister David Cameron warned on 17 August 2014 in The Sunday Telegraph that "If we do not act to stem the onslaught of this exceptionally dangerous terrorist movement, it will only grow stronger until it can target us on the streets of Britain. We already know that it has the murderous intent" and underlined that the "generational struggle against a poisonous and extremist ideology" may take "the rest of my political lifetime."[33] On 26 September 2014, the UK Parliament backed British participation in air strikes against Islamic State extremists in Iraq, voting by 524 votes to 43 to bomb Iraq.[34]
Drone strikes in Syria
On 7 September 2015, speaking to the Commons on its first day back after the summer break, David Cameron justified as an act of self-defence the targeting of UK citizens fighting alongside ISIS in Syria by an unmanned General Atomics Reaper drone costing £10 million. Reyaad Khan, a 21-year-old from Cardiff, who had featured in a prominent ISIS recruiting video in 2014, and Ruhul Amin, 26, were killed in the attack on the Syrian city of Raqqa on 21 August 2015. A third Briton, Junaid Hussain, 21, was killed by a separate US airstrike three days later as part of a joint operation.
UN response
The UN Security Council has not followed up on the mounting evidence that ISIS is a product of Western Intelligence agencies, and has instead issued predictable resolutions condemning its acts of "terrorism", which have been used as justification for "humanitarian intervention".
UNSCR 2170
On 15 October 2014, the UN Security Council blacklisted six people, including Abu Muhammad al-Adnani the ISIS spokesman, and threatened sanctions against those who finance, recruit or supply weapons to the insurgents. The 15-member council unanimously adopted UNSCR 2170 (2014) in an announced effort to weaken the ISIS and al-Qaeda's Syrian wing, the al-Nusra FrontTemplate:Cn stating that it "deplores and condemns in the strongest terms the terrorist acts of ISIS and its violent extremist ideology, and its continued gross, systematic and widespread abuses of human rights and violations of international humanitarian law."[35]
Syria's UN Ambassador, Bashar Ja'afari, calling the adoption of UNSCR 2170 "important", stressed that ISIS and other groups had no connection with Islam or the heritage of the region. He said that Syria had been beset with the crimes of such groups for the past three year, and had been fighting them, while influential States in the region and elsewhere had continued their support for the groups while portraying them as moderate opposition.[36]
UNSCR 2249
On 20 November 2015, a week after the Paris attacks, the UN Security Council unanimously adopted UNSCR 2249 (2015), paragraph 5 of which "Calls upon Member States that have the capacity to do so to take all necessary measures, in compliance with international law, in particular with the United Nations Charter, as well as international human rights, refugee and humanitarian law, on the territory under the control of ISIL also known as Daesh, in Syria and Iraq, to redouble and coordinate their efforts to prevent and suppress terrorist acts committed specifically by ISIL also known as Daesh as well as ANF, and all other individuals, groups, undertakings, and entities associated with Al Qaeda, and other terrorist groups, as designated by the United Nations Security Council, and as may further be agreed by the International Syria Support Group (ISSG) and endorsed by the UN Security Council, pursuant to the Statement of the International Syria Support Group (ISSG) of 14 November, and to eradicate the safe haven they have established over significant parts of Iraq and Syria."[37]
David Cameron hailed UNSCR 2249 as providing the "clear legal basis" for Britain to launch airstrikes against ISIL in Syria,[38] a view shared by a number of retired British diplomats.[39] However, the BBC reported that UNSCR 2249 does not invoke the UN's Chapter VII, which gives specific legal authorisation for the use of force.[40] And an editorial in The Guardian of 27 November 2015 stated:
- "Many MPs are talking as if the UN Security Council has authorised bombing in law, when – although there may be a legal case for action based on self-defence – it has in fact done no such thing."[41]
In a 17-minute interview on the BBC's Andrew Marr Show, Labour leader Jeremy Corbyn maintained that a mandatory UNSC resolution was required to legitimise any British bombing of ISIS in Syria, and that innocent civilians would be killed in such airstrikes.[42] Corbyn nonetheless bowed to pressure from Shadow Cabinet colleagues and gave Labour MPs a free vote on whether to extend airstrikes against Islamic State (IS, formerly ISIS/ISIL) from Iraq into Syria in the parliamentary debate taking place on Wednesday 2 December 2015.[43]
The Ayes (Friends of Israel) Have It
In October 2015, a huge oil deposit was found in the Israeli-occupied Golan Heights in Syria, with enough reserves to last Israel for decades.[44] The announcement follows Israel's controversial granting in 2010 of oil exploration rights in Syria to Genie Energy, whose major shareholders include Rupert Murdoch and Lord Jacob Rothschild.[45]
On 1 December 2015, it was reported that US, British, French and Israeli energy interests in a Syrian oil bonanza could be the prime beneficiaries of the ongoing military operations in Iraq and Syria which are ostensibly to defeat Islamic State but designed to overthrow the Bashar al-Assad regime.[46]
On 2 December 2015 the House of Commons voted by 397 to 223 in favour of bombing Daesh in Syria. Instead of targeting terrorists, however, David Cameron ordered RAF Tornados from Akrotiri in Cyprus to bomb the Omar oil field in eastern Syria.[47] The second wave of airstrikes on 5 December 2015 also targeted the Omar oil field.[48] Three Brimstone missiles (costing £100,000 each) were deployed for the first time in another RAF airstrike on the Omar oil field on 10 January 2016. That attack came hours after the RAF bombed two buildings near Daesh stronghold Raqqa and a tunnel complex. A Reaper drone (£10 million each) targeted an ISIS position, also near Raqqa.[49]
SANA, the Syrian news agency, declared:
- "Britain didn't ask permission from Syria's government. Cameron told lies."[50]
Covid
No bombings in Europe during Covid
In April 2020, Isis took a break from its usual activities, issuing a travel warning urging its fighters to avoid going to Europe due to the outbreak of the coronavirus. A "full-page infographic"[51] posted on a newsletter associated with the group, ISIS told its members "to put trust in God and seek refuge in Him from illnesses," prudently advising them to wash their hands. "The healthy should not enter the land of the epidemic and the afflicted should not exit from it," the newsletter adds.[52]
Support for vaccination
In 2015, it was reported that "an unexpected success of the polio immunization campaigns in Syria and Iraq was that IS had granted access to vaccinators in territory controlled by the militant group, even to areas where they had forbidden other humanitarian aid."[53]
References
- ↑ "Why Iran Believes the Militant Group ISIS Is an American Plot"
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=x95hPS7lIxc
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 http://www.thedailybeast.com/articles/2014/06/14/america-s-allies-are-funding-isis.html
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 http://www.motherjones.com/politics/2016/01/why-iraq-black-hole-american-arms
- ↑ "Magical Thinking about Isis" by Adam Shatz, London Review of Books
- ↑ "Leaked Kerry audio shows hidden Syria backstory"
- ↑ "Blair: crush Isis or horror will intensify"
- ↑ https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qRnq4TEe5DU
- ↑ https://popularresistance.org/terror-climate-chaos-financial-crisis-are-the-costs-of-doing-business/
- ↑ "ISIS is run by Simon Elliot, a Mossad Agent"
- ↑ "Iraq crisis: Isis declares its territories a new Islamic state with 'restoration of caliphate' in Middle East"
- ↑ "ISIS Leader Abu Bakr Al Baghdadi Trained by Israeli Mossad, NSA Documents Reveal"
- ↑ https://theweek.com/articles/444103/america-created-islamic-state-iraq-syria-meet-isis-truthers
- ↑ "Establishment Media Moves to Debunk ISIS CIA Asset Story – Dismissed as 'Snowden Hoax'"
- ↑ "Sweden Connects Israel To Paris Terror Attacks, Relates Treatment Of Palestinians To Violent Extremism"
- ↑ http://www.voltairenet.org/article193865.html
- ↑ http://www.courrierdelouest.fr/actualite/saumur-les-terroristes-de-daesh-etaient-en-fait-des-militaires-22-09-2016-284131
- ↑ https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/worldviews/wp/2014/10/06/behind-bidens-gaffe-some-legitimate-concerns-about-americas-middle-east-allies/
- ↑ "Israel has become the main buyer for oil from ISIS controlled territory, reports al-Araby al-Jadeed"
- ↑ http://www.haaretz.com/middle-east-news/iran/1.728921
- ↑ 21.0 21.1 http://finance.yahoo.com/news/one-isiss-top-commanders-us-145312630.html
- ↑ http://labs.thebureauinvestigates.com/fake-news-and-false-flags/
- ↑ https://www.newsweek.com/isis-fighters-regret-attacking-israel-apologize-defense-minister-591020
- ↑ "The United States’ biggest 'allies' are funding ISIL"
- ↑ "Episode 366 – Something Big Has Happened!"
- ↑ "ISIL Leader Closely Cooperating with CIA"
- ↑ "Canadian spy aided eight more British nationals join ISIS along with three girls"
- ↑ "Nabil Na’eem: all current al-Qaeda affiliates, including ISIS, work for the CIA"
- ↑ https://en.abna24.com/news/850652/Mossad-officer-leading-ISIS-as-mosque-Imam-arrested-in-Libya
- ↑ https://web.archive.org/web/20170905084753/http://www.news-israel.net/2017/08/31/%D7%93%D7%99%D7%95%D7%95%D7%97-%D7%A0%D7%A2%D7%A6%D7%A8-%D7%A1%D7%95%D7%9B%D7%9F-%D7%9E%D7%95%D7%A1%D7%93-%D7%A9%D7%A9%D7%99%D7%9E%D7%A9-%D7%90%D7%99%D7%9E%D7%90
- ↑ https://web.archive.org/web/20170915113833/http://www.mintpressnews.com/isis-commander-captured-libya-revealed-mossad-agent/231863
- ↑ "Egypt launches air strikes on Isis positions after militant group releases video of beheading of Coptic Christian hostages"
- ↑ "Cameron fears ISIS terror attacks in UK, pledges crackdown on jihadist recruitment"
- ↑ "MPs support UK air strikes against IS in Iraq"
- ↑ "UN Security Council blacklists ISIS members in Iraq and Syria"
- ↑ "Text of UN Security Council Resolution 2170 (2014)" Condemning gross, widespread abuse of Human Rights by extremist groups in Iraq and Syria
- ↑ "Resolution 2249 (2015) Adopted by the Security Council at its 7565th meeting"
- ↑ "Does Cameron's seven-point case for Syrian airstrikes stand up?"
- ↑ "Does Security Council Resolution 2249 (2015) of 20 November make bombing ISIL in Syria legal? Yes!"
- ↑ "Paris attacks: UN backs 'all necessary measures' against IS"
- ↑ "The Guardian view on the politics of bombing Syria: Labour at war"
- ↑ "Jeremy Corbyn on the Andrew Marr Show" 29 November 2015
- ↑ "Syria airstrikes: Corbyn gives Labour MPs free vote"
- ↑ "Huge oil discovery in Golan Heights - Israeli media"
- ↑ "Israel Grants Oil Rights in Syria to Murdoch and Rothschild"
- ↑ "Western Firms Plan To Cash In On Syria’s Oil And Gas ‘Frontier’"
- ↑ "Syria air strikes: MPs authorise UK action against Islamic State"
- ↑ "Syria air strikes: RAF jets in second wave of strikes"
- ↑ "RAF uses Brimstone missiles for first time in Syria airstrikes"
- ↑ "UK air attack on Islamic State: Syrians give reactions"
- ↑ https://theintercept.com/2020/04/19/coronavirus-isis-advice/
- ↑ https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/middle-east/coronavirus-isis-europe-spain-italy-france-uk-covid-19-pandemic-latest-a9403421.html
- ↑ https://www.vox.com/2015/2/2/7966421/vaccination-isis